Precautions and 7 kinds of uncomfortable symptoms in the second trimester of obstetric examination
2022-04-03
Precautions for obstetric examination in the second trimester
In addition to routine obstetric examination items such as blood pressure, weight, and abdominal circumference, there are some more important examination items: four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, Down's screening, and glucose tolerance screening. The frequency of the second-trimester obstetric examination is generally every four weeks. Pregnant women with abnormal gestational weeks or in poor physical condition may need to have an obstetrics visit every two weeks.
Inspection item 1: 4D color Doppler ultrasound in the second trimester
Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can detect major fetal malformations, such as congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, fetal hydrops, polydactyly (toes) and external ear deformities. It is best for pregnant mothers to go to the hospital for a four-dimensional color ultrasound examination at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
Inspection item 2: Screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester
Down's screening in the second trimester is to extract maternal and infant serum, and combine the expected date of delivery, age, weight, and gestational week of blood collection. Down's screening in the second trimester should be performed between 15-20 weeks. The best Inspection time is between 16-18 weeks.
Inspection item 3: Glucose tolerance screening in the second trimester
Glucose tolerance screening is best done at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. During the examination, the pregnant mother needs to measure the fasting blood sugar first, then take 75 grams of glucose orally, wait one or two hours, and then draw blood twice to measure blood sugar, a total of 3 blood draws. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed if blood sugar is abnormal twice.
Precautions for diseases in the second trimester
The second trimester of pregnancy can be said to be a period when both the pregnant mother and the fetus are relatively stable, but as the stomach slowly expands, the pregnant mother's body will experience various symptoms, so be prepared to deal with it.
Symptom 1: Low back pain
Pay special attention to the comfort of your posture when you are pregnant. Because the belly is relatively prominent, in order to maintain balance, the pregnant mother needs to spread her legs slightly, push the abdomen forward a little, and lean the upper body back a little. As the belly gets bigger and bigger, the degree of backward leaning of the pregnant mother's body will also become more and more serious. If you keep this position for a long time, the waist muscles of the pregnant mother are easily tense, which will lead to low back pain over time.
In order to relieve low back pain, pregnant mothers should pay attention to sitting and standing during the second trimester. When sitting or standing, don't bend your shoulders forward, keep your upper body straight, and don't sit in a chair that's too elastic or doesn't have a backrest. When sitting in a chair, the waist should be close to the back of the chair, do not stand for too long, and avoid sleeping on a bed that is too soft. Appropriate weight control, try to avoid reaching for things. You can also massage your lower back muscles for a reasonable relaxation.
Symptom 2: Constipation
During the second trimester, to prevent the uterus from contracting, the placenta secretes a hormone called progesterone. Under the action of this hormone, the smooth muscles of pregnant mothers will become relaxed, and the peristalsis of the intestines will become irregular, which can easily lead to constipation. Because pregnant women should eat more fiber-rich grains and vegetables, drink more juice and water, stay away from high-sugar foods, and exercise more.
Symptom 3: Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids can easily occur when constipation and bloating are severe in the second trimester. If a pregnant mother notices bleeding or anal pain and itching when wiping with toilet paper after a bowel movement, it is likely that she has hemorrhoids. In order to relieve hemorrhoids, pregnant mothers should control their diet, avoid constipation, do not exert force during defecation, and wash the anus with water after defecation. You can take a sitz bath every day, try not to stand or sit for a long time, so as to avoid poor blood circulation in the lower body and aggravate the condition.
Symptom 4: Itchy skin
After the second trimester, many pregnant women experience itchy skin and a rash, mainly on the chest, abdomen, and legs. It is generally believed that the placenta secretes hormones or excessive sweating. To relieve itchy skin symptoms, pregnant women should keep their bodies clean, wear cotton and breathable clothes, avoid lack of sleep or overwork, eat a balanced diet, and avoid greasy food. If the itching is severe, you will need to take medication as prescribed by your doctor.
Symptom 5: Abdominal pain
After the second trimester, many pregnant mothers experience abdominal cramps and sometimes feel a lump in the abdomen. Especially after intercourse, abdominal cramps are more serious. In fact, abdominal cramps are caused by stretching of the ligaments that support the abdomen on both sides of the uterus. Sometimes cramping occurs in the lower abdomen. This condition usually returns to normal after delivery and does not require special treatment. When stomach cramps occur, pregnant women can take a break and adopt a comfortable position, and the abdominal pain will be relieved quickly.
Symptom 6: Dizziness
Dizziness in pregnant women in the second trimester is most likely caused by anemia or orthostatic hypotension. If you get dizzy when you sit up and stand up, it's because of insufficient blood flow to your brain. Symptoms are worse if you have anemia. When pregnant women are dizzy, they should sit down quickly on the spot, lower their heads, inhale more, and have a good rest. The dizziness goes away quickly. In addition, pregnant mothers can improve anemia by supplementing iron and eating more iron-rich foods such as animal liver.
Symptom 7: Stomach acid
In the second trimester, pregnant mothers often feel a burning sensation in the digestive tract, and acid water spews out, which is caused by gastric acid reflux into the esophagus. Hormonal changes cause the muscles in the esophagus to relax, and acid reflux is worse when lying down. Pregnant mothers can prepare more pillows to support the upper body to sleep, eat less frequently, and eat less heavy, cold and greasy food.
In addition to routine obstetric examination items such as blood pressure, weight, and abdominal circumference, there are some more important examination items: four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, Down's screening, and glucose tolerance screening. The frequency of the second-trimester obstetric examination is generally every four weeks. Pregnant women with abnormal gestational weeks or in poor physical condition may need to have an obstetrics visit every two weeks.
Inspection item 1: 4D color Doppler ultrasound in the second trimester
Four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can detect major fetal malformations, such as congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, fetal hydrops, polydactyly (toes) and external ear deformities. It is best for pregnant mothers to go to the hospital for a four-dimensional color ultrasound examination at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.
Inspection item 2: Screening for Down syndrome in the second trimester
Down's screening in the second trimester is to extract maternal and infant serum, and combine the expected date of delivery, age, weight, and gestational week of blood collection. Down's screening in the second trimester should be performed between 15-20 weeks. The best Inspection time is between 16-18 weeks.
Inspection item 3: Glucose tolerance screening in the second trimester
Glucose tolerance screening is best done at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. During the examination, the pregnant mother needs to measure the fasting blood sugar first, then take 75 grams of glucose orally, wait one or two hours, and then draw blood twice to measure blood sugar, a total of 3 blood draws. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed if blood sugar is abnormal twice.
Precautions for diseases in the second trimester
The second trimester of pregnancy can be said to be a period when both the pregnant mother and the fetus are relatively stable, but as the stomach slowly expands, the pregnant mother's body will experience various symptoms, so be prepared to deal with it.
Symptom 1: Low back pain
Pay special attention to the comfort of your posture when you are pregnant. Because the belly is relatively prominent, in order to maintain balance, the pregnant mother needs to spread her legs slightly, push the abdomen forward a little, and lean the upper body back a little. As the belly gets bigger and bigger, the degree of backward leaning of the pregnant mother's body will also become more and more serious. If you keep this position for a long time, the waist muscles of the pregnant mother are easily tense, which will lead to low back pain over time.
In order to relieve low back pain, pregnant mothers should pay attention to sitting and standing during the second trimester. When sitting or standing, don't bend your shoulders forward, keep your upper body straight, and don't sit in a chair that's too elastic or doesn't have a backrest. When sitting in a chair, the waist should be close to the back of the chair, do not stand for too long, and avoid sleeping on a bed that is too soft. Appropriate weight control, try to avoid reaching for things. You can also massage your lower back muscles for a reasonable relaxation.
Symptom 2: Constipation
During the second trimester, to prevent the uterus from contracting, the placenta secretes a hormone called progesterone. Under the action of this hormone, the smooth muscles of pregnant mothers will become relaxed, and the peristalsis of the intestines will become irregular, which can easily lead to constipation. Because pregnant women should eat more fiber-rich grains and vegetables, drink more juice and water, stay away from high-sugar foods, and exercise more.
Symptom 3: Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids can easily occur when constipation and bloating are severe in the second trimester. If a pregnant mother notices bleeding or anal pain and itching when wiping with toilet paper after a bowel movement, it is likely that she has hemorrhoids. In order to relieve hemorrhoids, pregnant mothers should control their diet, avoid constipation, do not exert force during defecation, and wash the anus with water after defecation. You can take a sitz bath every day, try not to stand or sit for a long time, so as to avoid poor blood circulation in the lower body and aggravate the condition.
Symptom 4: Itchy skin
After the second trimester, many pregnant women experience itchy skin and a rash, mainly on the chest, abdomen, and legs. It is generally believed that the placenta secretes hormones or excessive sweating. To relieve itchy skin symptoms, pregnant women should keep their bodies clean, wear cotton and breathable clothes, avoid lack of sleep or overwork, eat a balanced diet, and avoid greasy food. If the itching is severe, you will need to take medication as prescribed by your doctor.
Symptom 5: Abdominal pain
After the second trimester, many pregnant mothers experience abdominal cramps and sometimes feel a lump in the abdomen. Especially after intercourse, abdominal cramps are more serious. In fact, abdominal cramps are caused by stretching of the ligaments that support the abdomen on both sides of the uterus. Sometimes cramping occurs in the lower abdomen. This condition usually returns to normal after delivery and does not require special treatment. When stomach cramps occur, pregnant women can take a break and adopt a comfortable position, and the abdominal pain will be relieved quickly.
Symptom 6: Dizziness
Dizziness in pregnant women in the second trimester is most likely caused by anemia or orthostatic hypotension. If you get dizzy when you sit up and stand up, it's because of insufficient blood flow to your brain. Symptoms are worse if you have anemia. When pregnant women are dizzy, they should sit down quickly on the spot, lower their heads, inhale more, and have a good rest. The dizziness goes away quickly. In addition, pregnant mothers can improve anemia by supplementing iron and eating more iron-rich foods such as animal liver.
Symptom 7: Stomach acid
In the second trimester, pregnant mothers often feel a burning sensation in the digestive tract, and acid water spews out, which is caused by gastric acid reflux into the esophagus. Hormonal changes cause the muscles in the esophagus to relax, and acid reflux is worse when lying down. Pregnant mothers can prepare more pillows to support the upper body to sleep, eat less frequently, and eat less heavy, cold and greasy food.
